1. 概述
在本教程中,我们将了解Protonpack的主要功能,它是一个通过添加一些补充功能来扩展标准Stream API的库。
请参阅此处的文章来了解Java Stream API的基础知识。
2. Maven依赖
要使用Protonpack库,我们需要在pom.xml文件中添加依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.codepoetics</groupId>
<artifactId>protonpack</artifactId>
<version>1.15</version>
</dependency>
在Maven Central上检查最新版本。
3. StreamUtils
这是扩展Java标准Stream API的主要类。
这里讨论的所有方法都是中间操作,这意味着它们修改Stream但不会触发其处理。
3.1 takeWhile()和takeUntil()
takeWhile()只要满足提供的条件,就会从源流中获取值:
Stream<Integer> streamOfInt = Stream
.iterate(1, i -> i + 1);
List<Integer> result = StreamUtils
.takeWhile(streamOfInt, i -> i < 5)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(result).contains(1, 2, 3, 4);
相反,takeUntil()会接收值直到某个值满足提供的条件然后停止:
Stream<Integer> streamOfInt = Stream
.iterate(1, i -> i + 1);
List<Integer> result = StreamUtils
.takeUntil(streamOfInt, i -> i >= 5)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(result).containsExactly(1, 2, 3, 4);
从Java 9开始,takeWhile()是标准Stream API的一部分。
3.2 zip()
zip()接收2个或3个流作为输入和一个组合器函数,该方法从每个流的相同位置获取一个值并将其传递给组合器。
它会一直这样做,直到其中一个流的值用完:
String[] clubs = {"Juventus", "Barcelona", "Liverpool", "PSG"};
String[] players = {"Ronaldo", "Messi", "Salah"};
Set<String> zippedFrom2Sources = StreamUtils
.zip(stream(clubs), stream(players), (club, player) -> club + " " + player)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
assertThat(zippedFrom2Sources)
.contains("Juventus Ronaldo", "Barcelona Messi", "Liverpool Salah");
类似地,重载的zip()需要3个源流:
String[] leagues = { "Serie A", "La Liga", "Premier League" };
Set<String> zippedFrom3Sources = StreamUtils
.zip(stream(clubs), stream(players), stream(leagues),
(club, player, league) -> club + " " + player + " " + league)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
assertThat(zippedFrom3Sources).contains(
"Juventus Ronaldo Serie A",
"Barcelona Messi La Liga",
"Liverpool Salah Premier League");
3.3 zipWithIndex()
zipWithIndex()获取值并将每个值与其索引压缩以创建索引值流:
Stream<String> streamOfClubs = Stream
.of("Juventus", "Barcelona", "Liverpool");
Set<Indexed<String>> zipsWithIndex = StreamUtils
.zipWithIndex(streamOfClubs)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
assertThat(zipsWithIndex)
.contains(Indexed.index(0, "Juventus"), Indexed.index(1, "Barcelona"),
Indexed.index(2, "Liverpool"));
3.4 merge()
merge()与多个源流和一个合并器一起工作,它从每个源流中获取相同索引位置的值并将其传递给合并器。
该方法的工作原理是从种子值开始,依次从每个流中的相同索引中获取1个值。
然后将值传递给组合器,并将得到的组合值反馈给组合器以创建下一个值:
Stream<String> streamOfClubs = Stream
.of("Juventus", "Barcelona", "Liverpool", "PSG");
Stream<String> streamOfPlayers = Stream
.of("Ronaldo", "Messi", "Salah");
Stream<String> streamOfLeagues = Stream
.of("Serie A", "La Liga", "Premier League");
Set<String> merged = StreamUtils.merge(
() -> "",
(valOne, valTwo) -> valOne + " " + valTwo,
streamOfClubs,
streamOfPlayers,
streamOfLeagues)
.collect(Collectors.toSet());
assertThat(merged)
.contains("Juventus Ronaldo Serie A", "Barcelona Messi La Liga", "Liverpool Salah Premier League", "PSG");
3.5 mergeToList()
mergeToList()接收多个流作为输入,它将每个流中相同索引的值组合成一个List:
Stream<String> streamOfClubs = Stream
.of("Juventus", "Barcelona", "PSG");
Stream<String> streamOfPlayers = Stream
.of("Ronaldo", "Messi");
Stream<List<String>> mergedStreamOfList = StreamUtils
.mergeToList(streamOfClubs, streamOfPlayers);
List<List<String>> mergedListOfList = mergedStreamOfList
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(mergedListOfList.get(0))
.containsExactly("Juventus", "Ronaldo");
assertThat(mergedListOfList.get(1))
.containsExactly("Barcelona", "Messi");
assertThat(mergedListOfList.get(2))
.containsExactly("PSG");
3.6 interleave()
interleave()使用选择器从多个流中获取创建替代值。
该方法将包含来自每个流的一个值的集合提供给选择器,然后选择器将选择一个值。
然后,所选值将从集合中移除,并替换为所选值的下一个值。此迭代持续进行,直到所有源的值都用完为止。
下一个示例使用interleave()以循环策略创建交替值:
Stream<String> streamOfClubs = Stream
.of("Juventus", "Barcelona", "Liverpool");
Stream<String> streamOfPlayers = Stream
.of("Ronaldo", "Messi");
Stream<String> streamOfLeagues = Stream
.of("Serie A", "La Liga");
List<String> interleavedList = StreamUtils
.interleave(Selectors.roundRobin(), streamOfClubs, streamOfPlayers, streamOfLeagues)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(interleavedList)
.hasSize(7)
.containsExactly("Juventus", "Ronaldo", "Serie A", "Barcelona", "Messi", "La Liga", "Liverpool");
请注意,上述代码仅用于教程目的,因为循环选择器由库以Selectors.roundRobin()的形式提供。
3.7 skipUntil()和skipWhile()
skipUntil()跳过值直到某个值满足条件:
Integer[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
List skippedUntilGreaterThan5 = StreamUtils
.skipUntil(stream(numbers), i -> i > 5)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(skippedUntilGreaterThan5).containsExactly(6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
相反,skipWhile()会在值满足条件时跳过该值:
Integer[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
List skippedWhileLessThanEquals5 = StreamUtils
.skipWhile(stream(numbers), i -> i <= 5 || )
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(skippedWhileLessThanEquals5).containsExactly(6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
skipWhile()的一个重要特点是,它在找到第一个不满足条件的值后将继续流式传输:
List skippedWhileGreaterThan5 = StreamUtils
.skipWhile(stream(numbers), i -> i > 5)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(skippedWhileGreaterThan5).containsExactly(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10);
从Java 9开始,标准Stream API中的dropWhile()提供与skipWhile()相同的功能。
3.8 unfold()
unfold()通过将自定义生成器应用于种子值,然后应用于每个生成的值来生成可能无限的流-可以通过返回Optional.empty()来终止该流:
Stream<Integer> unfolded = StreamUtils
.unfold(2, i -> (i < 100)
? Optional.of(i * i) : Optional.empty());
assertThat(unfolded.collect(Collectors.toList()))
.containsExactly(2, 4, 16, 256);
3.9 windowed()
windowed()将源流的多个子集创建为List流。该方法以源流、窗口大小和跳过值作为参数。
列表长度等于窗口大小,而跳过值决定了子集相对于前一个子集的开始位置:
Integer[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
List<List> windowedWithSkip1 = StreamUtils
.windowed(stream(numbers), 3, 1)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(windowedWithSkip1)
.containsExactly(asList(1, 2, 3), asList(2, 3, 4), asList(3, 4, 5), asList(4, 5, 6), asList(5, 6, 7));
此外,最后一个窗口保证具有所需的大小,如下例所示:
List<List> windowedWithSkip2 = StreamUtils.windowed(stream(numbers), 3, 2).collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(windowedWithSkip2).containsExactly(asList(1, 2, 3), asList(3, 4, 5), asList(5, 6, 7));
3.10 aggregate()
有两种aggregate()方法,它们的工作方式截然不同。
第一个aggregate()根据给定的谓词将相等值的元素分组在一起:
Integer[] numbers = { 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5 };
List<List> aggregated = StreamUtils
.aggregate(Arrays.stream(numbers), (int1, int2) -> int1.compareTo(int2) == 0)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(aggregated).containsExactly(asList(1), asList(2, 2), asList(3), asList(4, 4, 4), asList(5));
谓词以连续的方式接收值。因此,如果数字无序,上述操作将给出不同的结果。
另一方面,第二个aggregate()只是用于将源流中的元素分组为所需大小的组:
List<List> aggregatedFixSize = StreamUtils
.aggregate(stream(numbers), 5)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(aggregatedFixSize).containsExactly(asList(1, 2, 2, 3, 4), asList(4, 4, 5));
3.11 aggregateOnListCondition()
aggregateOnListCondition()根据谓词和当前活动组对值进行分组,谓词将当前活动组作为列表和下一个值给出,然后它必须确定该组是否应继续或开始一个新组。
下面的示例解决了将连续的整数值分组到一个组中的要求,其中每组中值的总和不得大于5:
Integer[] numbers = { 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5 };
Stream<List<Integer>> aggregated = StreamUtils
.aggregateOnListCondition(stream(numbers),
(currentList, nextInt) -> currentList.stream().mapToInt(Integer::intValue).sum() + nextInt <= 5);
assertThat(aggregated)
.containsExactly(asList(1, 1, 2), asList(3), asList(4), asList(4), asList(5));
4. Streamable<T>
Stream的实例不可重用,因此,Streamable通过包装和公开与Stream相同的方法来提供可重用的流:
Streamable<String> s = Streamable.of("a", "b", "c", "d");
List<String> collected1 = s.collect(Collectors.toList());
List<String> collected2 = s.collect(Collectors.toList());
assertThat(collected1).hasSize(4);
assertThat(collected2).hasSize(4);
5. CollectorUtils
CollectorUtils通过添加几个有用的收集器方法来补充标准Collectors。
5.1 maxBy()和minBy()
maxBy()使用提供的投影逻辑在流中查找最大值:
Stream<String> clubs = Stream.of("Juventus", "Barcelona", "PSG");
Optional<String> longestName = clubs.collect(CollectorUtils.maxBy(String::length));
assertThat(longestName).contains("Barcelona");
相反,minBy()使用提供的投影逻辑查找最小值。
5.2 unique()
unique()收集器做的事情非常简单:如果给定的流恰好有1个元素,它就返回唯一的值:
Stream<Integer> singleElement = Stream.of(1);
Optional<Integer> unique = singleElement.collect(CollectorUtils.unique());
assertThat(unique).contains(1);
否则,unique()将引发异常:
Stream multipleElement = Stream.of(1, 2, 3);
assertThatExceptionOfType(NonUniqueValueException.class).isThrownBy(() -> {
multipleElement.collect(CollectorUtils.unique());
});
6. 总结
在本文中,我们了解了Protonpack库如何扩展Java Stream API以使其更易于使用,它添加了我们可能常用但标准API中缺少的有用方法。
从Java 9开始,Protonpack提供的一些功能也可在标准Stream API中可用。
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